Talk:Internal: Difference between revisions

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(Created page with "== Packets in the Network layer == Packets are small pieces of data that are sent over a network. Data sent over computer networks, such as the Internet, is divided into packets. These packets can take different paths to reach their destination and then recombined by the computer or device that receives them. The network layer is responsible for moving these packets from one place to another. Because data is broken into packets, many people can use the same network at th...")
 
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== Packets in the Network layer ==
Packets are small pieces of data that are sent over a network. Data sent over computer networks, such as the Internet, is divided into packets. These packets can take different paths to reach their destination and then recombined by the computer or device that receives them. The network layer is responsible for moving these packets from one place to another. Because data is broken into packets, many people can use the same network at the same time for exchanging data.


=== IP Packets ===
IP packets are the fundamental units of data that are transmitted across IP (Internet Protocol) networks which is a network that uses the Internet Protocol (IP) to send and receive data, including the Internet, they actually route the packet to its destination. Packets are sometimes defined by the protocol they are using. They contain important information about where a packet is from (its source IP address), where it is going (destination IP address), how large the packet is, and other information about the data.
==== How Do IP Packet Work ====
When we send data over the internet, it is broken down into smaller pieces called packets. Each packet is sent independently and may travel different paths to reach the destination. At the destination, the packets are reassembled to form the original data. IP Packets have some components: the header and the payload. A packet header is a "label" of sorts, which provides information about the packet’s contents, origin, and destination.
In a network, data is sent in small pieces called packets. Each packet has different headers added by various protocols, which are rules for formatting and sending data. These headers help ensure the data gets where it needs to go and is understood by any computer on the network.
<br>
'''Packets often have more than one header. Each header is used by a different part of the networking process.'''
<br>
Actually protocols are standardized ways to format and handle data so that any computer can understand it. There is some common protocols: <br>
* Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): Ensures data is sent reliably and in order.
* Internet Protocol (IP): Routes the packet to its destination
==== IP Components ====
* Header
# Version: Indicates the IP version (IPv4 or IPv6).
#  Header Length: Specifies the length of the header.
#  Type of Service: Indicates the priority of the packet.
#  Total Length: The combined length of the header and payload.
#  Identification: Used to identify fragments of a larger packet.
#  Flags: Control or identify fragments.
#  Fragment Offset: Indicates where in the original packet this fragment belongs.
#  Time to Live (TTL): Limits the packet's lifetime to prevent it from circulating indefinitely.
#  Protocol: Indicates the protocol used in the data portion (e.g., TCP, UDP).
#  Header Checksum: Used for error-checking the header.
#  Source IP Address: The IP address of the sender.
#  Destination IP Address: The IP address of the receiver.
#  Options: Additional fields that provide extra features, optional.
<br>
* Payload
The payload is the actual data being transported, such as part of a file, an email, or a web page. This is the information the sender wants to deliver to the receiver.
<br>
When you send an email, the data is broken into packets. Each packet gets:
* IP Header: Contains the sender's and receiver's IP addresses, helping the packet find its destination.
* TCP Header: Ensures the packet arrives correctly
By adding these headers, protocols make sure that data can travel across the internet smoothly and be reassembled correctly at the destination.
=== Conclusion===
IP packets are essential for transmitting data across networks. They break down data into manageable chunks, route them efficiently, and ensure they arrive intact and in the correct order. This process is fundamental to the functioning of the Internet and modern digital communications. In summary, an IP network is any network that uses the Internet Protocol to manage data transmission, making it possible for devices to communicate efficiently.

Latest revision as of 03:33, 20 June 2024

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